Name two types of drainage systems used on farms. (1 mark)

............................................................................................................................................................. .............................................................................................................................................................

Give three reasons for using certified seeds for planting. (1½ marks) ............................................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................................. .............................................................................................................................................................

State two reasons for cutting sugarcane at the base during harvesting. (1 mark) ............................................................................................................................................................. .............................................................................................................................................................

. List three care and maintenance practices that are carried out in agroforestry trees. (1½ marks) ............................................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................................. .............................................................................................................................................................

Outline three importance of earthing up in crop production. (1½ marks) ............................................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................................. .............................................................................................................................................................

Define the term capital as used in agricultural production. (1 mark) ............................................................................................................................................................. .............................................................................................................................................................

Outline four importance of mulching in crop production. (2 marks) ............................................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................................. .............................................................................................................................................................

Give three reasons for preparing a seedbed. (1½ marks)

............................................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................................. .............................................................................................................................................................

. Differentiate between contact herbicides and translocated herbicides. (2 marks) ............................................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................................. .............................................................................................................................................................

. List two biotic macro organisms that influence agriculture. (1 mark) ............................................................................................................................................................. .............................................................................................................................................................

. State four disadvantages of using vegetative materials for planting. (2 marks) ............................................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................................. .............................................................................................................................................................

. Give four reasons for conserving forage in a farm. (2 marks)

............................................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................................. .............................................................................................................................................................

. What is integrated pest management as used in pest control? (1 mark) ............................................................................................................................................................. .............................................................................................................................................................

State four problems associated with credits as a support service to the farmer. (2 marks) ............................................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................................. .............................................................................................................................................................

. State three methods of water harvesting and conservation techniques. (1½ marks) ............................................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................................. .............................................................................................................................................................

State four conditions under which shifting cultivation is practicable. (2 marks) ............................................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................................. .............................................................................................................................................................

. State the difference between fixed costs and variable costs in farming. (1 mark) ............................................................................................................................................................. .............................................................................................................................................................

Outline four effects of soil organisms which benefit plant growth. (2 marks) ............................................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................................. .............................................................................................................................................................

. State four reasons for proper drying of grains before storage. (2 marks) ............................................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................................. .............................................................................................................................................................

20. Under what conditions is opportunity cost equals to zero? (½ mark) .............................................................................................................................................................

Below is a diagram showing a cabbage nursery for raising seedlings. Study it carefully and answer the questions that follow.

(a) State two advantages of having the part labeled A. (2 marks)

....................................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................................

(b) State four management practices that should be carried out on the nursery from the time the seedlings emerge to the stage of transplanting. (2 marks)

....................................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................................

(c) At what stage of growth should the seedling be transplanted. (1 mark) ....................................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................................

The illustration below indicate types of soil erosion that take place on cultivated farm land. Study it carefully and answer the questions that follow.

i. Identify the type of erosion represented by each of the illustrations. (2 marks)

A ...........................................................................................................................................

B ...........................................................................................................................................

C ...........................................................................................................................................

D ...........................................................................................................................................

ii. List two factors that may accelerate the rate of the type of erosion represented by A.(1 mark) ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................

iii. State two practices that may reduce the impact of the type of erosion represented by A. (2 marks) ....................................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................................

Study the following illustration and answer the questions that follow.

I. State the aim of the above experiment. (1 mark)

...................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................

II. What observation was made in the conical flask E and F. (2 marks)

E ...........................................................................................................................................

F ...........................................................................................................................................

III. What conclusion was made after the experiment? (1 mark)

....................................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................................

IV. Give one importance of micro-organisms in legumes. (1 mark)

...................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................

Study the methods of crop propagation illustrated below and then answer the questions that follow.

i) Identify the methods of crop propagation illustrated above. (1½ marks)

G ..........................................................................................................................................

H ...........................................................................................................................................

J ...........................................................................................................................................

ii) Give two importance of using method H. (2 marks

............................................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................................. .............................................................................................................................................................

iii) State two reasons why tying is necessary as illustrated in G. (1 mark) ............................................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................................ .............................................................................................................................................................

iv) Name one example of a rooting medium used in illustration J. (½ mark) .............................................................................................................................................................

(a) Describe the field production of sorghum under the following sub-headings.

i. Seedbed preparation. (3 marks)

ii. Planting. (3 marks)

iii Field management practices. (4 marks)
(b) A farmer intends to replace maize with wheat in his one hectare farm the following season.

Use the following information to prepare a partial budget and advise whether it is worth undertaking. (8 marks)

(c) Indicate with a reason wether the change was worth taking. (2 marks)

(a) State and explain five factors to consider when choosing the correct seed rates.(10marks)

(b) Outline the steps farmers follow when planning a farm business. (5 marks)

(c) Name the general symptoms of viral infections in crops. (5 marks)

(a) Explain six ways in which soil losses its fertility. (6 marks)

(b) Describe the procedure which should be followed in spraying a crop of tomatoes using fungicide powder, water and knapsack sprayer. (6 marks)

(c) Explain eight reasons for pruning in crops. (8 marks)
............................................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................................. .............................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................................. .............................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................................. .............................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................................. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………