List two factors that influence the supply of casual labour in a farm.

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State the effects of excessive application of nitrogenous fertilizer on crop growth. ..........................................................................................................................................

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Outline three ways by which afforestation helps in land reclamation.

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Give four factors which affects the quality of hay

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State three problems encountered by farmer when marketing tomatoes.

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State four factors that may determine the number of cultivation when preparing a seed bed. ..........................................................................................................................................

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Give three reasons why seedlings may fail to establish in field.

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Mention four methods that can be used to control weeds in a pasture land.

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State four agricultural services available to a crop farmer.

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Give three reasons for practicing mining tillage.

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Outline three methods of controlling blossom end rot in tomatoes.

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State four reasons of cutting back in pyrethrum.

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List four pieces of information found in a breeding records of a dairy farmer.

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Give four methods of harvesting water in the farm.

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Mention four factors that should be considered before deciding to use chemical method of pest control. ..........................................................................................................................................

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Differentiate between pricking out and hardening off as used in crop production. ..........................................................................................................................................

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Give two examples of working capital that a farmer would require in the production of maize. ..........................................................................................................................................

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Outline three practices one should carry immediately after transplanting tree seedlings. ..........................................................................................................................................

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Study the diagram below and then answer the questions that follow.

i) Identify the methods of propagation illustrated above.

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B..................................................................................

ii) State four factors which influence rooting of cutting materials in vegetative propagation. ..............................................................................................................................

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iii) Give one reason why method B is preferred in some crops

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The diagram below shows a common weed. Study it carefully and answer the questions that follow.

a) Identify the type of weed.

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b) Why is it difficult to control the above weed.

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c) Give two methods which can be used to control the above weed.

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d) State four economic importance of the weed.

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Study the diagram below and answer the questions that follow.

i) Identify the above structure

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ii) Name the parts labelled C,D,E and F.

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iii) Name the layer which is above the layer labelled F, labelled G

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iv) State three characteristics of the layer labelled F.

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Study the following information which was extracted from Mr.Rambo’s farm record on 31-122011 and answer the questions that follow.

Loans payable to the bank ksh.300,000

Five milking cows ksh.250,000 400

layers ksh.80,000

20 goats ksh.30,000 .

Debts payable to co-operative ksh.20,000

Buildings and structures ksh.600,000

Bonus payable to workers ksh.19,000

Breakages to repair ksh.30,000

Spray equipments ksh.12,000

i) Prepare a balance sheet for Rambo’s farm using the information above.

ii) State the condition of the farm business.

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iii) Give reason for the answers in (ii) above.

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a) Describe the field production of dry beans under the following sub-headings.

i) Planting

ii) Field arrangement

iii) Harvesting

b) State various parts used as planting materials giving an example of crops established in each case.

a) State six characteristics of a fertile soil.

b) State and explain eight physical or structural methods of soil erosion control.

c) Outline five benefits that a farmer may derive from agroforestry.

a) State five objectives of land Tenure reforms.

b) Outline five importances of drainage as a land reclamation method.

c) Mention four factors determining the quality of hay.

d) State and explain four factors affecting the efficiency of pesticides.